head honcho

Meaning: the person in charge; the leader.

Language: English

Literally: head honcho

Category: Daily Life

Origin: From the Japanese hanchō, meaning squad leader or group chief — han, a squad or section, plus chō, head or chief. It entered American English through servicemen: the word is documented among American prisoners of war held in Japan during the Second World War, and spread further through the postwar occupation of Japan and then the Korean War, arriving home with returning troops across the 1940s and 1950s. "Head honcho" is strictly redundant, since hanchō already carries the sense of head, but the doubling is simply what the phrase settled into in English — an ordinary fate for a borrowed word whose internal parts are invisible to the people using it.

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