ProverbPerseveranceChinese origin

近朱者赤,近墨者黑 (Jìn zhū zhě chì, jìn mò zhě hēi)

Meaning: People take on the character of the company they keep.

Literally: Near vermilion you turn red, near ink you turn black

Example: “交朋友要谨慎,近朱者赤,近墨者黑。” — Choose your friends carefully: you are known by the company you keep.

Equivalents in English, Spanish, Japanese, German, and Italian

  • English: Who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl
  • Spanish: Quien con lobos anda, a aullar aprende (literally: He who walks with wolves learns to howl)
  • Japanese: 朱に交われば赤くなる (Shu ni majiwareba akaku naru) (literally: Mix with vermilion and you turn red)
  • German: Bei Wölfen und Eulen lernt man das Heulen (literally: Among wolves and owls one learns howling)
  • Italian: Chi va col lupo impara a ululare (literally: Whoever goes with the wolf learns to howl)

Origin: From the Chinese writer Fu Xuan (217–278), in an admonition on educating the crown prince: near vermilion you turn red, near ink you turn black.

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